Seasonal Changes

When summer is at its peak, winter is easily forgotten. The reverse is true too. When winter is at its peak summer is a million years away. That’s the experience we have here on the British Isles.

So, it is to live on a spinning planet with an incline. That variation in seasons is the clock by which we live. The slowly shifting path of the Sun as it appears to move with the seasons. Of course, the Sun doesn’t move relative to the Earth. It’s our planet’s inclined rotation that makes the difference. How that came about we will never know beyond some good theories.

I might say something that an expert will say is nonsense. Can you imagine Stonehenge being bult in a people who live on the Equator? A place where the Sun spends much of its time high in the sky. At our Northern latitude, its movements maybe more significant than any other fact.

I wonder if seasonal variations and their impact go wider than dictating the weather? The British Isles is a pace where we are attuned to variations. Rarely extreme variations.

The sentence I started with alludes to an almost schizophrenic attitude to wide ranging variations. Normal would be a summer-winter cycle between say; plus 25 and minus 5 on the Celsius scale. Going outside those moderate thermal bounds causes a lot of heads scratching and newspaper column inches.

Britan’s story is a full one. Look deeply and so much is seasonally dependent. Even wars were shaped by the passing of the seasons. Yet, overall, much is built assuming moderation. It’s one reason air-conditioning is a rarity in a domestic setting. Structures are more designed to keep the wind and rain out than other considerations.

Now, we are experiencing unusual heat. Records are falling by the wayside. Once lush green lawns are looking like brown dirt, concrete hard, parking spaces. That is unless their owners sprinkle oceans of water over them on a regular basis.

Here’s the odd bit. It’s more socially acceptable to save a lawn than it is to own an air conditioner. True, portable air conditioners and fans are flying of the shelves. However, the general attitude is that these are to be used in exceptional conditions. They will be returned to a corner of a garage, to gather dust, after just a few days use. Thus, considered to be a luxury.

A hosepipe doesn’t fit into this category. Commonplace. Certainly, no luxury. Watering equipment of infinite variety is prominently placed in every DIY store. When it happens, a hosepipe ban feels like an afront to personal freedom.

Our habits and behaviours are conditioned by an experience of decades of relative moderation. The idea of building houses with shutters or generous ventilation still fit the bill as being usual. Something done in other, hotter countries.

Our reaction to climate change is fascinating. Hardly surprising in that the normal human reaction to change should tell us a lot. A fair degree of denial is nothing unusual. Put aside those who react early, the inevitable inertia deep in our society takes its toll. Whatever attitude to the causes of climate change may prevail, adaptation is a wise course of action. That said, wisdom is often in short supply.

The builders of Stonehenge knew how to adapt to the seasons. Possibly taking note of their variations. Dare I suggest a modern henge as a symbol of our recognition of the need to adapt?

Empirical Gardening

I’d say I was an empirical gardener. The try it and see formula. I do read the label that comes with plants in pots. Well, I do say read but more often there’s a series of symbols to decipher.

Getting to know a small patch of land is deeply ingrained in my psyche. It’s a connection that I find hard to break. There are times when I’ve lived without a garden to tend every day. Even then I found myself an opportunity to tend one on weekends. When I couldn’t do that, I’d visit a garden. This is a habit it’s likely I’ll never break.

My family farming background set the scene. A childhood link to the soil. A large farmhouse garden divided by a crossroads. A concrete path that ran north-south and east-west. Each of the four sections of the garden had a different characteristic. One had the shadow of the farmhouse for much of the day. Two were bounded by the deep litter houses and one got the full force of the weather. There was a slight slope towards a lawn on the south side.

I’d better explain. The deep litter houses were the two big wooden chicken houses. They were called that because chicken droppings and bedding were left to accumulate. The compressed mass of chicken manure was dug out once or twice a year. Most often by me and my brother. Could be three foot deep or more. That’s how we earned our pocket money. It certainly was the cases that there was no end of soiling enriching compost for the garden.

During my childhood, we were not entirely self-sufficient in produce. Got close, I’m sure. There was always a large crop of beans, peas, and potatoes. This was a practical garden with a purpose. The purpose being to feed four hungry boys. Me and my brothers.

There are many differences between where I am now and the farmhouse. The one that makes the most difference to gardening is the soil. The basic geography. The drainage may have been poor, but the fertility of the farmhouse soil was unquestionable. Heavy clay enriched by generations of cultivation. Produce grew on overdrive.

Where I am now, I’m getting to know and wrestling with a soil that’s way different. Although there is a similar origin to the soil. Rivers played their part in forming both soils. The farmhouse clay was sprinkled with small sandstone stones. A positive benefit. My garden soil has pebbles and pieces of flint just enough to hit the spade every time I dig. As the water table rises in the winter both soils create a swamp like environment. As the summer sun sits overhead it makes bakes the soils but with different effects.

Here, the untilled areas compact and take up the characterises of poorly mixed concrete. Impenetrable and hard. Without water the grass dries. Only the deep-rooted plants survive. The lawn looks like an unirrigated Greek field. Where it’s tilled the soil becomes like gritty dust.

In my empirical gardening way, I’m using what I have to hand. I’ve built a series of raised beds. Mixed up a cocktail of native soil, compost, and manure. I’ve created a better growing medium. Even so, with a limited amount of water it’s mostly the deeper rotted plants that are happy.

My sunflowers have been smiling. My potatoes are miserable. Onions seem fine. Tomatoes are indifferent. Only getting started it could be that my pumpkins will be momentous.

This is only my second year working with this new plot. Prior to my digging it was a blank canvas. The whole space was lawn grass designed as one big dog run. One remaining plumb tree was the only trace of a past kitchen garden. For me this is a beginning.

Traveling Through Time

My first trip to America goes back 45 years ago. Our PanAm flight departed London Heathrow on 25th August 1981. We were booked on a Fly / Drive package on our way to Seattle.

This was the country where Ronald Reagan had taken up the Presidency, earlier in the year. For nerds, like me, it was the start of a revolution that eventual touched us all. The IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) was launched on the world in August 1981. It became a standards setter for everything that followed.

What was state of the art then is now described as “classic”. The PanAm Boeing 747 we flew on across the Atlantic was of the first generation of that massive passenger aircraft. Still, at the time, an object of wonder. My traveling companions and I were completely wide-eyed about America. There was definitely a feeling that we were leaving a depressed, rebellious, troubled country to visited one that was huge, just like the jumbo jet, full of adventure, optimism and possibilities. The old world to the new world.

The four of us had planned our trip meticulously. Sharing the driving, a couple of days here then a day there, constantly on the move from motel to motel. In the end we did over 6000 miles up and down the West Coast. Getting to know Interstate 5.

What of the America today in comparison with the Amecia of 45 years ago? For one, I don’t have to go far to find a Starbucks anymore. Coffee shops in Seattle were once special to that city, now there are everywhere. Then gambling was the specialisation of cities like Reno and Las Vegas. Now, the internet is festooned with gambling of every conceivable kind.

Those folk easily classified as the nerds of their time, started small businesses in Silicon Valley with an aim to change the world. Guess what, they did.

Some of the grandest, most awe-inspiring aspects of West Coast America haven’t changed. The immense landscape. Mount St Helens, The Rocky Mountains, Crater Lake, Death Valley, San Francisco Bay and even the freeway sprawl of Los Angeles.

There were lots of comedy sketches about Ronald Reagan and his background as an actor. Now, when listening to several of his well-crafted speeches, appealing presentation, and humour, the distance of time sheds a different light on him. The loss of professionalism that marks 2026 is a great shame. It doesn’t matter which side of the political divide.

Today we talk about the world being more dangerous than it has been in decades, at least a couple of decades. What we conveniently forget is that the Cold War was in full swing in 1981. Now, I live near Greenham Common. Back 45 years, that was a site for American nuclear missiles. The site of a legendary peace camp too. Maybe there are inevitable cycles in history. We are destined to repeat the mistakes of the past. Or more accurately old men are destined to repeat the mistakes of the past.

What have we learned? In politics, it does matter what you say. In business, innovation and optimism win out over caution and pragmatism. In conflict, nothing much changes.

In travel, wanderlust never dims.

Happy July 4th.

Digital Dependency

Here’s a collection of annoying and sometime hazardous events that can happen in our digital world.  Digital dependency is growing at an ever-increasing rate. There’s no way we can put our head in the sand and pretend it’s not happening. Yet, I’d say we are ill-prepared for the stuff that can go wrong. Well, anyone over the age of 25 years can be ill-prepared. Maybe the younger ones are ill-prepared too because of the immense trust they place in digital systems.

Last night, the wonderful “smart” TV that sits in our living room behaved in a way that is designed to get anyone’s back-up. Ironically that’s the function that is often missing – back-up.

Do I blame my clever Sony digital TV or the App that’s running on the TV? The many Apps. Anyway, the TV guide displayed but every time a selection was made the TV screen went blank. Me being used to troubleshooting, I tried another App. All worked fine. So, only one App was misbehaving. Ony one App was not doing what it should do.

To most people this would be a shout out to say; my TV is broken. How can it be broken it’s nearly new? It’s not performing its most basic function. To me, my deduction was that the App that provides the digital stream of the live broadcast channels was doing some kind of update but, unhelpfully, not telling anyone about it. The dumb thing is that the screen went blank. No information. Why the developers of this App couldn’t have thought ahead and put up the screen words saying – please wait – I have no idea. Perhaps they like to see our blood boil.

By the way, the above event happened just at the end of a world cup football game last evening.

Believe it or not, this irritating blank screen case has occurred in flight on an in-service aircraft. The main displays in the aircraft cockpit blanked. For those who may not be familiar, the main critical flight information is displayed to pilots on electronic screens in a modern aircraft cockpit. So, when everything goes blank it’s not a nice situation. Because safety is the primary concern there are independent standby instruments. They are only basic and aimed at managing the situation.

The case that I’m writing about above was because of a notorious software error. One that’s by no means new. Most serious and well-trained developers will know the case.

Do a little maths. Have you ever taken any number and divided it by zero? For fun, I picked up a desk calculator, yes, they still exist and did this simple sum. The makers, Casio have that one figured out. A small E comes up on the corner of the screen. E for error. Trapping this potential error is elementary best practice. For flight safety related systems, it’s vital.

What’s my message? It’s to understand what it means for something to be broken.

A vast swath of the population continues to have a, learned from experience, idea of what broken means. It’s basically an analogue notion. If I get a puncture in the wheel of my car’s tyre it’s visible, it’s understandable and it’s fixable. It’s a physical phenomenon.

If my super-duper mobile phone does something strange and unexpected, it might be visible, understandable and fixable but it might not be. In essence I have few ways of knowing. I hesitate to introduce the subject of Wi-Fi connected computer printers to this short article, but I will. Some of the most frustrating, unhelpful and mysterious software has been developed for this equipment. Annoying to a level that is difficult to match anywhere on Earth.

Restoring Regional Voices

He’s right in some respects. The new Prime Minister (PM) in waiting. The UK is highly centralised. Those Portland stone buildings in London encase power in a way that was necessary during war time. Served us well. Weirdly we’ve not been able to wean ourselves off this addiction to a concentration of power. Vested interests have made agreements that reinforce the route to disappointment. That’s the story of the last decades.

It’s got worse since Brexit too. This outdated imperialism, which puts a badly prepared elite in charge is the hallmark of Boris Johnson’s time as PM. What’s strange is that lots of voters bought that combination, even when it was destined to fail from day one. It’s a wee bit ironic that those who shouted about sovereignty during the referendum, ten years ago, are the once most guilty of disenfranchising the regions of the country. Promoting the idea that there’s a mythical national saviour who can ride in and restore past glory. Quite often these folk are male, prosperous and have a similar educational background.

During the UK’s membership of the European Union (EU) there was a distinct recognition of the regions. It was the basis for electing MEPs. It gave a voice to regional concerns and built relations between European regions. Those with shared challenges. It focused resources on specific regional needs.

However, the UK was so often constrained by those Portland stone buildings in London that fine words rarely turned into actions. The idea that Turin and Coventry or Liverpool and Cologne might have similar challenges was too much for classical imperial mentalities to make a connection. Politically too, in so many cases UK MPs and MEPs did not work well together.

Optimist as I am, the formula for future prosperity promoted by the PM in waiting is old-fashioned. Let’s take re-industrialisation. This is sold to people as a restoration of industrial landmarks from the days of mass employment in large factories. I’m not saying this isn’t needed. For some in-demand products, like wind turbines, electric vehicles and storage batteries mega factories will be needed. These will not provide mass employment in the old-fashioned way. Automation inevitably plays a growing part in production.

Whether we like it or not, a new industrial revolution is underway. The new oil is data. I’m echoing the British mathematician Clive Humby who is quoted as coming up with: “Data is the new oil.” Isn’t that classic. Back in 2006, when the iPhone arrived, it was a British mathematician who coined five words that summed up what was happening. 20-years have elapsed, but our political debate is still grounded in a mechanistic post-war philosophy.

As for Brexit’s high horse, namely “sovereignty” in respect of data we seemed to have seeded that to others. This is more of the Brexit illusion. If I was of a conspiratorial way of thinking, it’s as if diverting people’s attention has enabled powerful entities to control the future.

Now, Mr Prime Minister (PM) in waiting, take up your position at the lectern and say something that addresses the direction the windvane to the future is pointing.

I’m not saying cover the country with vast energy hungry data centres. No, where it’s happening, that’s really proving extremely unpopular. Instead make sure that the UK’s data infrastructure works as well at Lands Ends as it does in at the tip of the Shetlands. That education and training move to practical working with data rather than the theoretical. That no one is left behind.

Combatting Climate Change

What do you do with climate change deniers? There’re like the folk who persisted with the flat Earth society. Everyone knows they exist but I’m sure most of us would not give them much time. Being door stepped by the folk from the wacky fringes can be entertaining. No more. What’s cranky is that previously reputable, and I use that term advisedly, UK political parties like the Conservative Party are adopting and promoting the believe framework of the wacky fringes. Now, I’m all for “free speech” as far as it doesn’t harm others, but this is getting strange to say the least. Following the coat tails of those who espouse extreme opinion is a road to political oblivion in the UK. At least that’s been our history.

[Oblivion also being a Science Fiction film that’s enjoyable to watch even if it does focus too much on one character. Reminds us how important water is to life on Earth].

If I put myself in the shoes of the climate change deniers, hard to do I know, then I might say that the extreme heat experienced this week is just the normal long-term variation of our weather or the Sun getting agitated or God’s will. Nothing to see hear. I’d hope to be shot down quickly with those flimsy arguments.

It’s a wise move to stay up to date with the weather forecast at the moment. A summer heat wave doesn’t last forever, we hope, even if it does last long enough to cause immense problems.

Recollections of 1976’s summer get an airing on social media. For those of us who enjoyed that year there’s a tendency to normalise around that fact that we survived the heat 50 years ago. For me that was great fun as a fit and heathy 16-year-old. Having my own roadworthy transport for the first time and being easily able to get to the Dorset coast[1]. The year was one of leaving my schooling, working the summer at home on the farm and the starting an engineering apprenticeship. Going from sweltering hot classrooms and exams, to stacking and packing more haybales than it’s possible to count, to sweating in a machine shop with plate glass windows down one side.

If we’d heeded the warmings, with more drive, five decades ago maybe climate change wouldn’t be such a dangerous condition as it’s developing into. Predictions are not good. The legacy mine and past generations are leaving is an extremely poor one.

This is what shocks me about the “head in the sand” attitude to fossil fuels. The Conservative Party and alike, is insane with its idiotic “drill baby drill” policy. I accept that the transition away from fossil fuels will take time and can be a challenging road to take. Trying to reverse the process is beyond stupid.

Policy needs to focus on making substantial changes to our daily routines. There’s nothing sacred about past working practices. Pity those who work in jacket and tie in unairconditioned offices a rigid 9-to-5 routine. As did I, once in a portacabin on the edge of an airfield.

Climate change is real. The data is in. Being daunted by the calamitous possibilities is also a dead end. Yes, the scientist’s scenarios can be overwhelming. Too much detailed information can be as bad as too little.

We have agency. We can act. Every act makes a difference. Even the small ones matter.

[1] https://www.visit-dorset.com/explore/coast-and-beaches/

Will Andy Burnham Lead a New Era?

It’s not so unbelievable. With the volatility of politics in the 2020s, that a leadership role flips from one person to the next in the blink of an eye. The man tipped to run the country has won one constituency in his hometown. Now, lots of people envisage him in the biggest of jobs, sweeping aside the wows of recent years.

One view of this change is that the decades of past allegiances, that we almost took for granted, have now dissolved. The way we view others in our society has become far more complex.

British comedy is littered with these stereotypes. Comic strip characters. Property owning, upper middle class, broadsheet newspaper reader equates to a Conservative. Open toed saddle, tweed jacket owning teacher who goes on improving camping holidays, a Liberal. Football supporting, factory worker, from a generation of factory workers almost certainly a Labour supporter with Socialist friends. At the margines, long retired colonel who inherited a large countryside mansion and estate may even be a Fascist. These animated cartoon images persist. What’s different is that there are dwindling numbers of them in society at large.

Initialled AB, Andy Burnham, comes to us as a smiling face. Down with the people in a way Sir Keir Starmer found incredibly hard. AB has charm and a warm accent that suggest a relaxed demeaner. He talks with enough wriggle room for a wide swath of people to think that he’s on their side. A good skill to have to be successful in politics. As it is, what he stands for when push comes to shove isn’t so easy to discern.

In know the spelling is different but it’s out there in social media land. The fictional Birnam Wood, a forest near Dunsinane Hill in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. A place of prediction.

[That was one of the texts our teachers chose for us in my school days. Maybe they imagined troubled times ahead. Or wanted to warn us of power’s potential corrupting effect].

Three witches appeared to assure Macbeth that he was a winner. Only seemingly impossible events would defeat him. The message was critic. Bit like the Oracle of Delphi in the ancient Greek world. Nothing like recycling a good idea.

The British media’s prophecy is that Burnham will quickly step into the job of UK Prime Minister and restart the Labour Government with fresh vigour and new imagination. Not to mention better public communication. The constituency who thinks he’s a potential saviour is much bigger than the consistency who thinks he’s a devil in the making.

Will ambition and power’s potential corrupting effect take a hand. Or will the man with the name: “King of the North” have accumulated the knowledge and experience needed to shape history to the country’s benefit. A good sprinkle of luck will no doubt be needed too.

Despite what has passed in our post-Brexit land. UK PM’s coming and going, will Burnham be a force for good? I wouldn’t say past performance is any predictor at all. Making the buses run on time in Greater Manchester is a far cry from being a political party leader and UK PM.

I, as do so many, wish him a fair wind. Let’s hope he and his team can get to grips with the need to adapt, change and even be disruptive where it’s warranted. I hope he will not shy away from big decisions or be cowed by either his own side or the perfidious British right-wing media.

Reflecting on a Decade Post-Brexit: Lessons Learned

The clock has clicked. The pages of the calendar have flipped. Crises have been and gone. And in the UK’s political turmoil continues to exasperate one and all. A decade has passed since UK voters backed a proposal to leave the European Union (EU). The surprise result of the 23 June 2016 vote and the tiny majority for change still haunt the whole country.

Voters were told this and that would not happen, prosperity and a lowering of the cost-of-living were just around the corner. We now know that lie after lie piled-up. The mouths of the advocates of the vote to leave spouted pure undiluted nonsense. Yet, the noisy ones show no remorse or shame.

The pace of change can be overwhelming. Over the last decade the world has moved on with increasing speed. It’s self-evident that the 21st Century is becoming an era of accelerating change. Sadly, in adopting the worst kind of Brexit transition the UK has become a lesser influence. A spectator in the world that has changed dramatically.

The first 10-year anniversary of the Brexit referendum is a time to take stock. To be mystified in reflection of the maddening goings on of the years past. I will not repeat pages and pages of analysis that others have provided. A simple conclusion is evident. The nation is poorer by a substantial amount.

I’m not in favour of endless navel gazing. We are where we are and it’s not a good place to be. What must be plotted in a way forward that increase prosperity, builds resilience and unseats defeatism. Political polarisation and the slide to appease the far-right is proving to be disastrous. The warnings of history should be heeded.

The future of the UK-EU relationship has the potential to be better one than ever before. At least we now know that there was good sound reasoning behind our past membership of the EU. Facing global challenges together is a far better way to face the future. Rapidly advancing technology, social upheaval and geopolitical shocks are not going away. The means by which we collectively respond to these challenges will be critical.

This is not a time to relitigate the Brexit referendum. Let the past be the past. We have learned from that past. It’s far better to ask what a better future looks like. Europe has common challenges. It’s an interconnected, interactive and interdependent region. We share a common cultural heritage.

Discussions over the future will never abate. But there’s a need of it to be put on solid and sound reasoning. Not by equating independence with isolation. Weve found that doesn’t work.

The UK and EU must forge a new closer relationship. It’s a win-win scenario.

Perceptions of Aviation Professionals

Let’s see what aviation stereotypes look like. There’s a wide selection of free images on-line. There’s a typical view of the crew of an aircraft. It didn’t take long to find one.

I can point out the obvious gender related features of such images, but what first caught my eye were the aircraft engines. They were way to far out on the wings. I suspect our good friend artificial intelligence may have generated such a colourful image.

Now let’s go for an Air Traffic Controller. The image that came up did have plus points. It did give an impression of what a controller’s job is about, at least as much as a simple graphic image can. I did expect to see a radar screen with dots on it as part of the image. A controller sitting at a desk with buttons to press and a window to look out of sums up the basic picture.

Next my on-line search was for an aircraft mechanic. Now, I started this search with low expectations of what might come up. The picture I got was of a hanger with two large aircraft to the left and right. Standing in the middle of this scene was a man in overalls moving an aircraft engine on a trolly. Proportions were off, in that the engine diameter was half the hight of the mechanic. Yes, the stereotype of a workingman with a spanner persists.

So, what have I discovered? Not much really. Or not much that didn’t fit the title of time-honoured stereotype. Images that pigeonhole jobs as done by people who dress in a particular way and are surrounded by the equipment of their trade. Roles, age, race and gender are fixed in a traditional pattern. I do draw the conclusion that, for all the daily hype, artificial intelligence is not going to do anything original when faced with a simple question about specific job.

This isn’t good. If the latest advance in technology is locked into classical and predicable images from the archives, then it’s not so advanced at all.

Why does this matter? Well, there’s a great deal of concern about where the next generation of professional in aviation are going to come from. Our wish to fly is affected by lots of social, environmental, and economic factors. Overall, the trend over coming decades is in one direction – up. More flights, more aircraft, and the need for more people to operate the system.

If the generic images of the professional roles in aviation are stuck in the past, then that’s not going to help. It’s off-putting. There are those young people who may find the traditional professional stereotypes appealing. My guess is the majority are unlikely to think this way.

In an on-line environment where artificial intelligence regurgitates the past this technology may drive us backwards. Not for one moment does the image of a workingman with a spanner need to be demoted. What needs a touch of imagination is a portrayal of images more akin to reality. A changing reality too.

[Yes, the title image is an appropriately prompted artificial intelligence generate one provided by WordPress].

Brexit Documentary Review

Firstly, a reaction to the BBC documentary that’s telling the story of Brexit. They called it “Brexit: A Very British Civil War[1].” A corny title that plays on titles “A Very British Scandal,” the drama about Liberal MP Jeremy Thorpe and “A Very Royal Scandal.”

The “Civil War” analogy is out of place. Ten seconds of reading about any real civil war would have sunk that illusion. The events of 2016 were more a battle for the future. Battles continue to rage as the advocates of Brexit have merely changed their colours and rebranded.

Yes, I agree. The stage was set by the choice that voters took in 2015. In fact, if blame must be allocated then its as much the fault of liberal minds as it it’s the reactionary forces that pounded away at their ambition. The political idiocy of promising a national referendum in a country that rarely, if ever, has referendums was a critical folly. The UK is not Switzerland. UK voters have no idea what it’s like to be that sort of federal democracy.

David Cameron won a majority and his hand were tied. He did have choices, but he plodded along with all the imagination of a dull public-school boy in fear of rejection by his peers. Cameron didn’t see the bus that was about to hit him. Having been pounding away for decades the rag tag but monied pushers of a referendum wasted no time in campaigning. Cameron wasted every opportunity.

Aside from the story that the BBC chose to document is the image of a modern European country run by a strange herd of mostly Tory men, living a privileged life. It’s a searing display of a political crisis made by a few for the interests of a few.

I know it is said by both left and right in UK politics, but what more does anyone need to convince themselves that there’s a chasm between the people in Westminster and the people of the nation. Demographic trends were likely to shape the outcome of a national referendum. It proved to be so in the numbers. An older age group favouring Leave and a younger one favouring Remian. Populism had taken root in the Leave campaign.

The dim-witted organisers of the Remain campaign ran a campaign as if they were changing the name of a chocolate bar with diminishing sales. As if they were stereotypical comic depressed bowler hatted businessmen from the 1950s, Cameron’s crew ignored the analysis and lumbered on. He took a politically suicidal path.

The likes of Boris Johnson and Michael Gove dithered with only their own political ambitions tugging at them to eventually decide as to which way to go. Again, my reflection amounted to – what a bizarre way to run a country. Especially one with the history and traditions of the UK.

I understand the notion that Cameron may have seen this political path as a way of resolving a self-evident Tory split once and for all. Ironically, the outcome is a Tory split the like of which couldn’t have been imagined ten years ago.

Deciding whether to back Leave or Remain wasn’t the real question. Capturing the future political agenda was the aim. 2016’s national referendum was not a war; it was a battle. The battle continues.

[1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m002xhvj